{"id":1683,"date":"2025-05-20T11:55:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T08:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/?page_id=1683"},"modified":"2026-04-06T16:58:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T13:58:03","slug":"cikkek-modszertan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/cikkek-modszertan\/","title":{"rendered":"Cikkek m\u00f3dszertan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A dolgozat k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban a 7. oszt\u00e1lyos tanul\u00f3k \u00e1ltal m\u00e1r tanult n\u00e9h\u00e1ny fizikai \u00e9s k\u00e9miai kulcsfogalomr\u00f3l, illetve alapvet\u0151 \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sr\u0151l alkotott t\u00e9ves elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9sek felder\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s elemz\u00e9se \u00e1ll. Egy, a di\u00e1kok \u00e1ltal kit\u00f6lt\u00f6tt teszt elemz\u00e9se sor\u00e1n dolgozza f\u00f6l, hogy milyen t\u00edpus\u00fa v\u00e1laszokat adtak a k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekre. A tapasztaltak alapj\u00e1n kijelenthet\u0151, hogy a tanul\u00f3k tud\u00e1sa a 7. oszt\u00e1lyos k\u00e9mia tanul\u00e1s ut\u00e1n is igen heterog\u00e9n, \u00e9s gyakoriak a t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzetek is. A konkl\u00fazi\u00f3t tartalmaz\u00f3 fejezetben fel lettek sorolva az el\u0151fordul\u00f3 t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzetekre n\u00e9h\u00e1ny tipikus p\u00e9lda, amelyekre a tan\u00e1roknak \u00e9rdemes figyelnie annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy kialakul\u00e1sukat megel\u0151zhess\u00e9k, elker\u00fclhess\u00e9k vagy a megl\u00e9v\u0151 t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzeteket korrig\u00e1lhass\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLet\u00f6lt\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A cikkben tagl\u00e1lt adatok bizony\u00edtj\u00e1k, hogy a term\u00e9szettudom\u00e1nyos fogalmak olyan komplex k\u00e9pz\u0151dm\u00e9nyek, melyek helyes kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa k\u00f6r\u00fcltekint\u00e9st \u00e9s m\u00f3dszertani pontoss\u00e1got ig\u00e9nyel. A helyes kialak\u00edt\u00e1st nehez\u00edtik a gyermekkori naiv elm\u00e9letek \u00e9s a pontatlan magyar\u00e1zatok vagy a hi\u00e1nyos meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sok. Mindezek mellett, ha a pedag\u00f3gusok is rendelkeznek t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzettel, egyre nehezebb\u00e9 v\u00e1lik a t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzetek f\u00f6l\u00fcl\u00edr\u00e1sa, megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sa. A t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzetek kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak okai m\u00f6g\u00f6tt m\u00e9g sz\u00e1mos meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151t felt\u00e9telezhet\u0151, mint a tanul\u00e1si st\u00edlus vagy intelligenciaszint.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLet\u00f6lt\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A cikkben \u00e1ttekint\u00e9sre ker\u00fclnek azok a hat\u00e1sok \u00e9s tudom\u00e1nyt\u00f6rt\u00e9neti el\u0151zm\u00e9nyek, amelyek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a tanul\u00e1s folyamatainak mai, konstruktivista \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se kialakult. K\u00e9t, az empirikus kutat\u00e1shoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 fogalom, a t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzetek \u00e9s a fogalmi v\u00e1lt\u00e1s r\u00e9szletes ismertet\u00e9s\u00e9n, kereszt\u00fcl illusztr\u00e1l\u00f3dnak azok a tartalmi keretek \u00e9s kutat\u00e1si ir\u00e1nyok, m\u00f3dszerek, amelyek a vizsg\u00e1lat elm\u00e9leti h\u00e1tter\u00e9\u00fcl szolg\u00e1lnak. A k\u00e9miatant\u00e1rgy n\u00e9h\u00e1ny alapvet\u0151 fogalm\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9vel kapcsolatos empirikus vizsg\u00e1latok els\u0151sorban az anyagfogalom fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9s az anyagi v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9vel kapcsolatosak. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclnek azok a l\u00e9p\u00e9sek, amelyeken kereszt\u00fcl a tanul\u00f3k eljutnak a tudom\u00e1nyos alapon szervez\u0151d\u00f6tt r\u00e9szecskeszeml\u00e9let\u0171 anyagfelfog\u00e1sig \u00e9s sz\u00f3 lesz azokr\u00f3l az eddig felt\u00e1rt meg\u00e9rt\u00e9si neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gekr\u0151l, amelyek a k\u00e9mi\u00e1t nehezen tanulhat\u00f3 tant\u00e1rggy\u00e1 teszik. Az anyag fogalm\u00e1hoz \u00e9s az anyagi v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokhoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 gyermeki elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9seket, \u00e9s az ezekhez, valamint az anyagfogalom fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9hez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 empirikus vizsg\u00e1latok k\u00e9t alfejezetben ker\u00fclnek bemutat\u00e1sra. V\u00e9gezet\u00fcl megjelenik p\u00e1r javaslat, amelyek hasznosak lehetnek az iskolai tan\u00edt\u00e1si gyakorlat sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLet\u00f6lt\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

M\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fcnkben 500 budapesti, 7-12. \u00e9vfolyamos \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos iskolai, gimn\u00e1ziumi \u00e9s szakgimn\u00e1ziumi tanul\u00f3 vett r\u00e9szt 2018 \u0151sz\u00e9n. T\u00edz, egyszer\u0171nek sz\u00e1nt h\u00e9tk\u00f6znapi, de term\u00e9szettudom\u00e1nyokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 k\u00e9rd\u00e9st tett\u00fcnk fel a di\u00e1koknak egy feladatlap seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. A k\u00e9rd\u00e9sek nyitott v\u00e9g\u0171ek voltak, \u00e9s r\u00e9szletes magyar\u00e1zatot k\u00e9rt\u00fcnk t\u0151l\u00fck. Az old\u00f3d\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos k\u00e9rd\u00e9s \u00edgy hangzott: \u201eHogyan v\u00e1ltozik meg a cukor szerkezete \u00e9s t\u00f6mege, ha v\u00edzbe tessz\u00fck?\u201d A v\u00e1laszok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt felbukkant sz\u00e1mos, a kor\u00e1bbiakban eml\u00edtett t\u00e9vk\u00e9pzet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLet\u00f6lt\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Az al\u00e1bbiakban t\u00falnyom\u00f3r\u00e9szt a Fazekas Mih\u00e1ly F\u0151v\u00e1rosi Gyakorl\u00f3 \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Iskola \u00e9s Gimn\u00e1zium tanul\u00f3inak k\u00e9miadolgozataib\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 szemelv\u00e9nyek olvashat\u00f3ak. A d\u0151lt bet\u0171vel szedett mondatok eredeti id\u00e9zetek, az ortogr\u00e1fi\u00e1n (= helyes\u00edr\u00e1son) nem v\u00e1ltoztattam. Z\u00e1r\u00f3jelben saj\u00e1t megjegyz\u00e9seim k\u00f6vetkeznek. A csoportos\u00edt\u00e1s az \u00e9vfolyamok (legink\u00e1bb 7\u20138.) \u00e9s a k\u00e9mia t\u00e1rgyal\u00e1si sorrendje szerint t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLet\u00f6lt\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A dolgozat k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban a 7. oszt\u00e1lyos tanul\u00f3k \u00e1ltal m\u00e1r tanult n\u00e9h\u00e1ny fizikai \u00e9s k\u00e9miai kulcsfogalomr\u00f3l, illetve alapvet\u0151 \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sr\u0151l alkotott t\u00e9ves […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1683","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1683"}],"version-history":[{"count":54,"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2085,"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1683\/revisions\/2085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/didactic.chem.ubbcluj.ro\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}